Design and Operation of 1000-fold Voltage Multiplier based on Double-flux-quantum Amplifier

AbstractRapid-single-flux-quantum digital-to-analogue converters (RSFQ-DACs) are now under development for ac voltage standard applications. The voltage multiplier (VM), which precisely amplifies the input voltage, is a key component for RSFQ-DACs. Because the amount of bias current for a conventional VM increases in proportion to its multiplication factor, we have been looking for a VM device which is operated on a different principle. In this paper, we report our design of a 1000-fold VM comprising double flux quantum amplifiers (DFQAs) of which the amount of bias current is independent of its multiplication factor. Test circuits were fabricated using a 2.5 kA/cm2 Nb process. We confirm that the experimental results demonstrate the 1000-fold operation up to 13.2 GHz input SFQ pulse repetition frequency

Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors Induce Motor Abnormality in Mice

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Neuroprotective Effects of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor and Glutamate Receptor Inhibitor on MPTP-indulced Dopamine and DOPAC Depletion in Mice

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Biochemical changes in the brain of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mouse

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Effects of Haloperidol and Cocaine on Pharmacokinetics of [11C]Methamphetamine in Methamphetamine Sensitized Dog

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Alterations in Brain Distribution of [11C]Methamphetamine in Methamphetamine Sensitized Dog

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Alterations in Biodistribution of [11C]Cocaine in Cocaine and Methamphetamine sensitization Mice

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Alteration in Biodistribution of 11C-Methamphetamine and 11C-Cocaine

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γ-Secretase inhibitor enhances antitumour effect of radiation in Notch-expressing lung cancer

BACKGROUND: Notch receptor has an important role in both development and cancer. We previously reported that inhibition of the Notch3 by γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) induces apoptosis and suppresses tumour proliferation in non-small-cell lung cancer. Although radiation is reported to induce Notch activation, little is known about the relationship between radiation and Notch pathway. METHODS: We examined the effect of combining GSI and radiation at different dosing in three Notch expressing lung cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effect of GSI and radiation was evaluated using MTT assay and clonogenic assay in vitro and xenograft models. Expressions of Notch pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and Bcl-2 family proteins were investigated using western blot analysis. RESULTS: We discovered that the antitumour effect of combining GSI and radiation was dependent on treatment schedule. γ-Secretase inhibitor administration after radiation had the greatest growth inhibition of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. We showed that the combination induced apoptosis of lung cancer cell lines through the regulation of MAPK and Bcl-2 family proteins. Furthermore, activation of Notch after radiation was ameliorated by GSI administration, suggesting that treatment with GSI prevents Notch-induced radiation resistance. CONCLUSION: Notch has an important role in lung cancer. Treatment with GSI after radiation can significantly enhance radiation-mediated tumour cytotoxicity